The museum was the first to be built in East Bengal in 1910. It was built by the zamindars of Rajshahi Saratkumar Ray and two of his close associates Akshay Kumar Maitreya and Ramaprasad Chanda. They had taken the initiatives and spent huge amount of money as well as energy to establish the museum. Saratkumar Ray donated the land on which the museum was constructed.
Varendra Research Museum in Rajshahi showcases some of the rare displays of stone and metal sulptures, epigraphs, coins, pottery and plaques in terracotta. Other displays include various weapons, Arabic and Persian documents, paintings, books and periodicals, Sanskrit and Bangla manuscripts. There are 6 galleries where all the exhibits are placed within the museum. The galleries display:
- Relics of the Indus Valley-Civilization - Gallery 1
- Buddhist and Hindu stone sculptures and modern wood sculptures - Gallery 2
- Images of Surya, Shiva, Ganesha and Visnu - Gallery 3
- Cult icons of the Shaktas of Durga-Gauri-Uma-Parvati, the Matrikas and Chamunda - Gallery 5
- Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit and old Bangla stone inscriptions, sculptured stones of the Muslim period - Gallery 6
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